{"id":403,"date":"2015-11-16T14:28:16","date_gmt":"2015-11-16T14:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/onlinelab.info\/?p=403"},"modified":"2015-11-16T14:28:16","modified_gmt":"2015-11-16T14:28:16","slug":"collecting-ubuntu-linux-system-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/2015\/11\/16\/collecting-ubuntu-linux-system-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Collecting Ubuntu Linux System Information"},"content":{"rendered":"

Find the system host name<\/h2>\n

Display the system’s host name:
\n$ hostname<\/strong>
\n$ cat \/etc\/hostname<\/strong>
\nserver1<\/em><\/code>
\nDisplay the system’s DNS domain name:
\n$ dnsdomainname<\/strong>
\ncyberciti.biz<\/em><\/code>
\nDisplay the system’s Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN):
\n$ hostname -f<\/strong>
\nserver1.cyberciti.biz<\/em><\/code><\/p>\n

Find the system serial number, manufacturer of the system and model name<\/h2>\n

$ sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number
\n$ sudo dmidecode -s system-manufacturer
\n$ sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name
\n$ sudo dmidecode | more<\/code>
\nOR use the lshw command:
\n# lshw | more
\n$ sudo lshw -short<\/code><\/p>\n

Display information about installed hardware<\/h3>\n

$ sudo lsdev<\/code><\/p>\n

Find the system CPU info<\/h2>\n

$ cat \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/code>
\nOR
\n$ lscpu<\/code><\/p>\n

Display CPU (processors) related statistics<\/h3>\n

$ sudo mpstat
\n$ sudo mpstat 1
\n$ sudo mpstat -A<\/code><\/p>\n

Find the system main memory (RAM) info<\/h2>\n

Show statistics about memory usage on the system including total installed and used RAM:
\n$ less \/proc\/meminfo<\/code>
\nShow amount of free and used memory in the system:<\/p>\n

free\n## Display the amount of memory in megabytes ##\nfree -m\n\u00a0\n## Display the amount of memory in gigabytes ##\nfree -g\n\u00a0\n## Display the amount of memory in terabytes ##\nfree --tera\n\u00a0\n## Display human readable output ##\nfree -h<\/pre>\n
Show the system swap space usage<\/h3>\n
$ swapon -s
\n$ cat \/proc\/swaps
\n$ cat \/proc\/meminfo
\n$ top
\n$ vmstat
\n$ for file in \/proc\/*\/status ; do awk '\/VmSwap|Name\/{printf $2 \" \" $3}END{ print \"\"}' $file; done | sort -k 2 -n -r | less
\n$ smem<\/code><\/p>\n
Show the system virtual memory statistics<\/h3>\n
$ sudo vmstat
\n$ sudo vmstat 1
\n$ sudo vmstat 2<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the Ubuntu Linux distribution version and related information<\/h2>\n
$ lsb_release -a<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system kernel version number<\/h2>\n
$ uname -r<\/code>
\nOR
\n$ uname -a<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system kernel parameters<\/h2>\n
$ cat \/proc\/cmdline
\n$ sysctl -a | more<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system kernel architecture (32 bit or 64 bit)<\/h2>\n
$ uname -m
\n$ getconf LONG_BIT
\n$ arch<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system disk information<\/h2>\n
Show all installed disks and size:
\n# fdisk -l | grep '^Disk \/dev'<\/code><\/p>\n
List all partitions of \/dev\/sda disk:<\/h3>\n
To read a disk label for \/dev\/sda:
\n# fdisk -l \/dev\/sda<\/code>
\nTo label a disk:
\n$ sudo fdisk \/dev\/sda
\n$ sudo e2label \/dev\/sda1
\n$ sudo cfdisk \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/p>\n
Show block device attributes:<\/h3>\n
# blkid<\/code><\/p>\n
List all block devices:<\/h3>\n
# lsblk<\/code><\/p>\n
Display file system disk space usage:<\/h3>\n
$ df
\n$ df -H
\n$ df -HT<\/code><\/p>\n
Estimate file space usage:<\/h3>\n
$ du
\n$ du \/home<\/code><\/p>\n
Display mounted file system:<\/h3>\n
$ cat \/proc\/mount
\n$ mount<\/code><\/p>\n
Display SCSI devices (or hosts) and their attributes on Linux:<\/h3>\n
$ lsscsi<\/code><\/p>\n
Display I\/O statistics<\/h3>\n
$ sudo iostat
\n$ sudo iostat 2<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system PCI devices information<\/h2>\n
$ lspci
\n$ lspci -vt
\n$ lspci | grep -i 'something'
\n$ lspci -vvvn| less<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system USB devices information<\/h2>\n
$ lsusb
\n$ lsusb -vt<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system Wireless devices information<\/h2>\n
$ iwconfig
\n$ watch -n 1 cat \/proc\/net\/wireless
\n$ wavemon<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system VGA\/Graphics devices information<\/h2>\n
$ lspci | grep -i vga
\n$ lspci -vvnn | grep VGA<\/code>
\nOR
\n$ sudo lshw -class display<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system NVIDIA Graphics devices information<\/h3>\n
The following commands only works with Nvidia’s binary Linux driver:
\n$ nvidia-smi<\/code>
\nOR
\n$ nvidia-settings<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system AMD\/ATI Graphics devices information<\/h3>\n
The following command only works with AMD’s binary Linux driver called catalyst:
\n$ fglrxinfo<\/code><\/p>\n
Which version of Unity am I running?<\/h2>\n
$ unity --version<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system audio devices information<\/h2>\n
$ lspci | grep -i audio<\/code>
\nOR
\n$ cat \/proc\/asound\/cards<\/code>
\nOR
\n$ arecord -l<\/code><\/p>\n
Display the system\/laptop battery status & thermal temperature<\/h2>\n
$ upower -i \/org\/freedesktop\/UPower\/devices\/battery_BAT0
\n$ acpi -V<\/code><\/p>\n
Find out how long the system has been running<\/h2>\n
$ uptime
\n$ who
\n$ w<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system load<\/h3>\n
$ uptime
\n$ cat \/proc\/loadavg
\n$ sudo top
\n$ sudo htop
\n$ sudo atop<\/code><\/p>\n
Show the system reboot and shutdown history<\/h3>\n
$ last reboot
\n$ last shutdown<\/code><\/p>\n
Show runlevel<\/h3>\n
$ runlevel
\n$ who -r<\/code><\/p>\n
Display kernel ring buffer (boot time) messages<\/h2>\n
Use the following command to see boot time message including hardware configuration
\n$ sudo less \/var\/log\/dmesg
\n$ sudo grep 'regx' \/var\/log\/dmesg
\n$ sudo grep '[h|s]d' \/var\/log\/dmesg<\/code><\/p>\n
Display the system drivers (modules)<\/h2>\n
$ sudo lsmod
\n$ sudo modinfo {driver_name}
\n$ sudo modinfo kvm<\/code><\/p>\n
Find the system IP address and related information<\/h2>\n
You need to use the ip command<\/a>:<\/p>\n
## Info about all interfaces. Must be run as root via sudo command ##\nsudo ip a\nsudo ip\nsudo ip link ls up\nsudo ifconfig -a\n\u00a0\n## Only show eth1 interface info ##\nsudo ip a show eth0\nsudo ifconfig eth0<\/pre>\n
Display the system routing table<\/h3>\n
## You can use any one of the following command ##\n## Must be run as root ##\nsudo ip r\nsudo route -n\nsudo netstat -nr\n<\/pre>\n
Display the system ethernet bridge<\/h3>\n
$ sudo brctl show
\n$ sudo bridge link<\/code><\/p>\n
Display the system DNS server and related information<\/h2>\n
Display the system name server IP address (ISP or your dns server IP should be listed here):
\n# cat \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code>
\nDisplay the system resolver configuration file. This is useful to find out how host lookups are to be performed:
\n# cat \/etc\/host.conf<\/code>
\nUse above two files to configure name resolution.<\/p>\n
Display information about the system ports and socket<\/h2>\n
## Must run as root via sudo ##\nsudo ss\n## Display all listing ports ##\nsudo ss -l\nsudo netstat -tulpn\nsudo netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN\n\u00a0\n## Display all TCP sockets\nsudo ss -t -a\n\u00a0\n## Display all UDP sockets.\nsudo ss -u -a\n\u00a0\n## List all open files\nlsof | more\nlsof | grep something\nlsof \/dev\/sda2\nlsof \/path\/to\/file\n<\/pre>\n
Display the list of running services<\/h2>\n
### SYS V ###
\n$ sudo service --status-all<\/code>
\nOR
\n## UPSTART ##
\n$ sudo initctl list<\/code><\/p>\n
Find out if service is enabled:<\/h3>\n
## UPSTART ##
\n$ sudo initctl status service-name
\n$ sudo initctl status smbd<\/code>
\nOR
\n## SYS V
\n$ sudo service serviceName status
\n$ sudo service nginx status<\/code><\/p>\n
View log files<\/h2>\n
$ cd \/var\/log
\n$ ls -l
\n$ tail -f \/var\/log\/fileName
\n$ grep 'something' \/var\/log\/fileNameHere<\/code><\/p>\n
Find file by name<\/h2>\n
$ locate fileName
\n$ locate htpasswd
\n$ locate passwd
\n$ locate my.resume.doc<\/code><\/p>\n
Find file by given condition<\/h2>\n
$ find {\/dir\/to\/search} -name {file-to-search} -print
\n$ find \/etc\/ -name \/etc\/passwd -print
\n$ find $HOME -name '*.doc' -print<\/code><\/p>\n
View user account details<\/h2>\n
$ less \/etc\/passwd
\n$ grep userName \/etc\/passwd
\n$ getent passwd<\/code><\/p>\n
View group account details<\/h2>\n
$ less \/etc\/group
\n$ getent group
\n$ grep group-name \/etc\/group
\n$ groups userName<\/code><\/p>\n
View password policy<\/h2>\n
$ chage -l userName
\n$ chage -l root
\n$ chage -l vivek<\/code><\/p>\n
View system usage<\/h2>\n
$ sudo top
\n$ sudo htop
\n$ sudo atop
\n$ sudo ps auxwww
\n$ sudo netstat [options]
\n$ sudo iostat
\n$ sudo mpstat 1
\n$ sudo sar [options]<\/code><\/p>\n
Trace system call<\/h2>\n
$ strace -o output.txt \/bin\/foo
\n$ strace -p 22254 -s 80 -o debug.nginx.txt<\/code><\/p>\n
Trace library call<\/h2>\n
$ sudo ltrace \/usr\/sbin\/httpd
\n$ sudo ltrace \/sbin\/chroot \/usr\/sbin\/httpd<\/code><\/p>\n
View process info<\/h2>\n
$ sudo pstree
\n$ sudo pstree | less
\n$ sudo ps auxwwwm
\n$ ps alxwww
\n$ ps auxwww
\n$ lsof -b M -n -l<\/code><\/p>\n
Change process priority<\/h3>\n
$ sudo \/bin\/nice -n -1 command-name-here
\n$ sudo \/bin\/nice -n -1 pid
\n$ sudo renice {priority} pid<\/code><\/p>\n
View process’s CPU affinity<\/h3>\n
$ sudo taskset -p {pid-here}
\n$ sudo taskset -p 42<\/code><\/p>\n
Display the system listing of all package installed<\/h2>\n
$ dpkg -l
\n$ dpkg -l | less
\n$ dpkg -l nginx<\/code><\/p>\n
Display the system listing of all patches installed<\/h2>\n
$ sudo apt-show-versions -a | grep -i \"security\"<\/code><\/p>\n
Display the list of needed runtime libraries to run file<\/h2>\n
$ ldd file<\/code><\/p>\n
Find what package a file belongs to<\/h2>\n
$ dpkg -S \/path\/to\/file
\n$ dpkg -S \/bin\/ls<\/code><\/p>\n
Create a backup list of all installed software<\/h2>\n
$ sudo dpkg --get-selections > \/root\/installed.pkgs.txt<\/code>
\nWant to restore it again?
\n$ sudo dpkg --set-selections < \/root\/installed.pkgs.txt<\/code><\/p>\n
Display the system firewall configuration<\/h2>\n
$ sudo iptables -L -n -v
\n$ sudo ufw status numbered
\n$ sudo ufw status verbose
\n$ sudo ufw app list<\/code><\/p>\n
Do not forget to read man pages featured in this post:
\n$ man dpkg
\n$ man htop
\n$ man ...<\/code><\/p>\n
Finally, make a backup – it cannot be stressed enough how important it is to make a backup of your system. A good backup plan allow you to recover from disk failure, accidental file deletion, file corruption, or complete server destruction, including destruction of on-site backups.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Find the system host name Display the system’s host name: $ hostname $ cat \/etc\/hostname server1 Display the system’s DNS domain name: $ dnsdomainname cyberciti.biz Display the system’s Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN): $ hostname…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-he-thong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=403"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/403\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.asianux.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}